Vital Signs and Biomarkers Measured
RE.DOCTOR SDK allows collecting and estimating a set of health-related parameters:
- Blood Oxygen, %
- معدل ضربات القلب, beats per minute (bpm)
- معدل التنفس, breaths per minute (bpm)
- ضغط الدم, mmHg
- نسبة الجلوكوز في الدم, mg/dL
- HRV, milliseconds (ms)
- Pulse Pressure, mmHg
- Reflection Index, % or 0-1
- LASI, meter/seconds (m/s)
- Stress, % or 1-100
Featured VITALS
Heart Rate/Pulse
نسبة الجلوكوز في الدم
معدل التنفس
تشبع الأكسجين
re.doctor sdk health parameters
| Vital | Description | UOM/ LOINC | Effective Ranges | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Oxygen | SpO2 | Oxygen saturation (commonly referred as oxygen level) is a measure of how much haemoglobin is currently bound to oxygen compared to how much haemoglobin remains unbound. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, and one molecule of haemoglobin can carry up to four molecules of oxygen. | % 5948-05 | SDK range: 80-100 | What is Blood Oxygen and why is it important? |
| Heart Rate / Pulse | HR | When you are at rest, your heart is pumping the lowest amount of blood to supply the oxygen your body needs. Although the official normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute, the range for most healthy adults is between 55 and 85 beats per minute | bpm (beats per minutes) 8889-8 | SDK range: 40-200 | https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart- health/what-your-heart-rate-is-telling-you What is a normal pulse rate? |
| معدل التنفس | RR | Your respiratory rate, or your breathing rate, is the number of breaths you take per minute. The normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 18 breaths per minute. A respiration rate under 12 or over 25 breaths per minute while resting may be a sign of an underlying health condition. | bpm (breaths per minute) 76174-2 | SDK range: 6-36 | https://www.hopkinsmedici ne.org/health/conditions- and-diseases/vital-signs- body-temperature-pulse- rate-respiration-rate-blood- pressure https://www.healthline.com/ health/normal-respiratory- rate#causes-of-a-slow-rate |
| Blood Pressure / Systolic | BPS | Blood pressure is created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels (arteries) as it is pumped by the heart. The higher the pressure, the harder the heart has to pump. Hypertension is a serious medical condition and can increase the risk of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases. Systolic blood pressure is the first number. It measures the pressure your blood is pushing against your artery walls when the heart beats. | mmHg (millimetre of mercury) 8480-6 | SDK range: 75-140 | https://www.heart.org/en/he alth-topics/high-blood- pressure/understanding- blood-pressure-readings https://www.who.int/health- topics/hypertension#tab=ta b_1 |
| Blood Pressure / Diastolic | BPD | Blood pressure is created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels (arteries) as it is pumped by the heart. The higher the pressure, the harder the heart has to pump. Hypertension is a serious medical condition and can increase the risk of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases. Diastolic blood pressure is the second number. It measures the pressure your blood is pushing against your artery walls while the heart muscle rests between beats. | mmHg (millimetre of mercury) 8462-4 | SDK range: 70-100 | https://www.heart.org/en/he alth-topics/high-blood- pressure/understanding- blood-pressure-readings https://www.who.int/health- topics/hypertension#tab=ta b_1 |
| نسبة الجلوكوز في الدم | BG | The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level, or glycemia is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood. The expected values for normal fasting blood glucose concentration are between 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). When fasting blood glucose is between 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) changes in lifestyle and monitoring glycemia are recommended. If fasting blood glucose is 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, diabetes is diagnosed. An individual with low fasting blood glucose concentration (hypoglycemia) – below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) – will experience dizziness, sweating, palpitations, blurred vision and other symptoms that have to be monitored. | mg/dL (milligrams Per deciliter) 1556-0 | SDK range: 75-150 | https://www.who.int/data/gh o/indicator-metadata- registry/imr-details/2380 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go v/books/NBK248/ |
| تقلب معدل ضربات القلب | HRV | Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per minute. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the fluctuation in the time intervals between adjacent heartbeats.[1] HRV may offer a noninvasive way to signal imbalances in the autonomic nervous system. Based on data gathered from many people, if the system is in more of a fight-or-flight mode, the variation between subsequent heartbeats tends to be lower. If the system is in more relaxed state, the variation between beats may be higher.[2] The normal beating of your heart is called “sinus rhythm.” When your heart is beating normally but the variability between heartbeats is greater than 0.12 seconds, this is called “sinus arrhythmia.” Heart rate variability can sometimes meet the criteria for sinus arrhythmia.[4] Sinus arrhythmia is usually due to breathing (this is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia), which is part of a normal reflex of your heart and circulatory system. However, when sinus arrhythmia isn’t caused by breathing, it may be a sign of another heart problem that does need assessment by a healthcare provider.[4] You can see quite clearly that HRV declines as people get older. The middle 50% of 20-25 year olds usually fall in the 55-105 range, while 60-65 year olds are normally between 25-45. [5] | ms (milliseconds) 80404-7 | 20-25 year olds usually fall in the 55- 105 range, while 60- 65 year olds are normally between 25- 45 [5] | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go v/pmc/articles/PMC562499 0/#:~:text=Heart%20rate% 20variability%20(HRV)%20is,nervous%20system%20( ANS)%20processes. https://www.caringmedical. com/hauser-neck- center/heart-rate-variability/ https://www.health.harvard. edu/blog/heart-rate- variability-new-way-track- well-2017112212789 https://my.clevelandclinic.or g/health/symptoms/21773- heart-rate-variability-hrv https://www.whoop.com/us/ en/thelocker/what-is-a- good-hrv/ |
| Pulse Pressure | PP | A pulse pressure greater than 60 is a risk factor for heart disease, especially for older adults. [2] Pulse Pressure = Systolic Blood Pressure – Diastolic Blood Pressure [3] Pulse pressure tends to increase as you get older, and this number can also be an indicator of health problems before you develop symptoms. [1] A wide pulse pressure — sometimes called a high pulse pressure because the number is greater — means there’s a wide difference between the top and bottom numbers. For individuals who aren’t physically active, wider pulse pressures can indicate serious problems either now or in the future. [1] As pulse pressure rises above the normal of 40 mmHg, the risk of problems with your heart and blood vessels goes up, even with small increases. Pulse pressures of 50 mmHg or more can increase your risk of heart disease, heart rhythm disorders, stroke and more. Higher pulse pressures are also thought to play a role in eye and kidney damage from diseases like diabetes. [1] A narrow pulse pressure — sometimes called a low pulse pressure — is where your pulse pressure is one-fourth or less of your systolic pressure (the top number). This happens when your heart isn’t pumping enough blood, which is seen in heart failure and certain heart valve diseases. It also happens when a person has been injured and lost a lot of blood or is bleeding internally. [1] | mmHg 103811-6 | Normal values is approximately 40 mmHg [3] | https://my.clevelandclinic.or g/health/body/21629-pulse- pressure https://www.mayoclinic.org/ diseases-conditions/high- blood-pressure/expert- answers/pulse- pressure/faq-20058189 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go v/books/NBK482408/ https://www.sciencedirect.c om/topics/medicine-and- dentistry/pulse-pressure |
| Reflection Index | RI | RI may be used to characterize Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) syndrome. [3] Individuals with LHV have higher RI values (mean 80%) Influences that cause variations in RI can be as simple as the effect of caffeine or exercise.[2] The reflection index (RI) indicates the relative height of the diastolic peak. This value is expressed as a percentage of the total amplitude of the DVP waveform. Essentially, RI is a calculation of the percentage of pressure wave (PW) reflected back from. This same idea is used to understand ripples in a puddle of water. If a pebble is thrown into a puddle, the energy from that pebble will cause waves to ripple out to the edges. As the ripples reach the edge, they will reflect back toward the center but with less energy on their return. Applying this principle to blood flow, RI measures the reflection back from where the small artery narrows. This value correlates to the condition of the small arteries. [1] | scale 0-1 used in SDK or % (percents) | The average RI reading is between 0.6-0.9 (60-90%) however lower figures are not uncommon.[1] | https://www.vitalscan.com/dtr_pwv_paramet ers.html#:~:text=The%20reflection%20index %20(RI)%20indicates,amplitude%20of%20t he%20DVP%20waveform. https://2steps2health.com/reflection-index-ri/ https://www.ijser.org/paper/The- Significance-Change-of-PPG-Reflection- Index-in-Left-Ventricular.html (https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document? repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a897e9a879e5f8 69b037dcbac6a13e2d0fbed42e ) https://www.ncb |
| (Large) Arterial Stiffness Index | (L)ASI | Large artery stiffness independently predicts cardiovascular risk and represents a high-priority therapeutic target to ameliorate the global burden of cardiovascular disease. [4] Higher (L)ASI was associated with increased risk of overall CVD [2] Increasing evidence suggests that arterial stiffness may be the primary indicator of future cardiovascular events. Stiffness influences the speed by which pulse is propagated through the body. The timing of the reflected wave (diastolic component) relative to the direct wave (systolic component) is directly dependent on the condition of the arteries. The stiffer the artery, the quicker the reflected wave returns to the heart versus with more compliant/elastic arteries. The PWV System provides a Peak-to-Peak Time (PPT) measure to indicate the estimated propagation time of a reflected wave. If the arterial tree length is proportionate to the patient’s height, this stiffness index (SI) will be derived by dividing the height by the peak to peak time. The reading is a snapshot of one moment in time and not an overview of the cardiovascular system. A number of factors influence the cardiovascular system including stress and diet. As such, it is recommended that regular periodic testing is administered over a time period to glean accurate results. See figure below. [1] | meter/seconds (m/s) | 4m/s-12m/s A good result is when the reading is less than two thirds the height of the green section in the above bar graph. If the reading is towards the top end of the green bar or nearing the red region, this could indicate some risk. Lifestyle changes such as proper diet, increased physical exercise, proper hydration, stress management, quitting smoking and supplements may be the solution.[4] | https://www.vitalscan.com/dtr_pwv_paramet ers.html#:~:text=The%20reflection%20index %20(RI)%20indicates,amplitude%20of%20t he%20DVP%20waveform. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JA HA.117.007621 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JA HA.117.007621 https://www.medicavisie.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/09/dvp_versus_pwv_ study.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P MC6719727/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.108 0/08037050510008814 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/57 50840_Pulse_contour_analysis_A_valid_as sessment_of_central_arterial_stiffness_in_c hildren . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P MC7177218/ |
| Stress | Stress | Stress is a physical, mental or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension. It is generally recognized as one of the major factors leading to a spectrum of health problems. [1] | number in scale 1-100 | 0-30: Low stress 30-70: Medium stress 70-100: High stress | https://hal.science/hal- 02952693/document https://www.researchgate.n et/publication/322029615_ Stress_Recognition_Using _Photoplethysmogram_Sig nal |
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